Which statement best defines checks and balances?

• A. A system where each branch can limit others to prevent concentration of power
• B. A system where all branches share equal power at all times
• C. A framework for budgetary control in the government
• D. A mechanism that centralizes authority in one branch

Answer: (A)

Checks and balances mean distributing government power so no single branch can dominate. Each branch has tools to limit the others, keeping power from concentrating: the legislature can pass laws, the executive can veto them, and the legislature can override vetoes in some cases; the executive is responsible for enforcing laws but relies on the legislature for budgeting and oversight, while the judiciary reviews laws and actions to ensure they fit the constitution. This arrangement creates accountability and cooperation, requiring consent and restraint among branches rather than giving one part unchecked authority. Statements that describe equal power all the time, or focus only on budgeting, or centralize authority don’t fit this idea of mutual restraint and division of power.