Industrialization typically involves a shift away from agriculture toward what?

• A. Tourism-based economy
• B. Fishing-based economy
• C. Information-based economy
• D. Factory-based manufacturing

Answer: (D)

Industrialization is about replacing much of agricultural and artisanal work with large-scale, mechanized production in centralized sites. The hallmark is factory-based manufacturing: machines and assembly processes in factories enable mass production, urban growth, and new kinds of jobs beyond farming. That’s why the description of factory-based manufacturing fits best. The other options describe economies focused on tourism, fishing, or information services, which don’t capture the shift to mechanized production that defines industrialization.